A long interval since a previous pregnancy does not by itself predict whether another pregnancy will occur. Current age, ovulation, sperm health, reproductive history and medical conditions all matter.

Age and fertility

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists explains that fertility begins to decline around age 30 and the decline becomes faster in the mid-30s. Age also affects the chance of pregnancy loss and some pregnancy complications, although many people have healthy pregnancies later in life.

Understanding the fertile window

Ovulation generally occurs before the next menstrual period, but timing varies between people and from cycle to cycle. Calendar estimates, cervical-mucus observations and ovulation tests may help identify a fertile window, but none can guarantee conception. Basal body temperature usually confirms that ovulation has already occurred rather than predicting it with precision.

When to seek an evaluation

ACOG recommends an infertility evaluation after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse for most people aged 35 or younger, after six months for those older than 35, and before trying for those older than 40. Earlier advice is appropriate when periods are irregular or absent, there is a known condition affecting fertility, or either partner has a relevant medical history.

An evaluation considers both partners. It may review ovulation, the uterus and fallopian tubes, sperm production and other health factors. No home method can diagnose the cause of infertility, and unproven supplements should not delay professional care.