Noise pollution generally refers to unwanted or harmful environmental sound. Road traffic, aircraft, railways, construction, industry and some leisure activities can all contribute to community noise.

Common Sources

Transport is a major source in many populated areas. Construction equipment, industrial machinery and entertainment venues can also produce significant local noise.

Sleep and Well-Being

Persistent environmental noise can interfere with sleep, concentration and daily activities. Long-term exposure to excessive noise has also been associated with cardiovascular health effects.

Wildlife

Human-generated noise can affect wildlife by interfering with communication, movement and other behaviours, although effects vary by species and environment.

Community Measures

Urban planning, quieter transport, appropriate zoning, building design, sound barriers and enforcement of evidence-based noise limits can help reduce exposure.

Reducing Personal Exposure

Closing windows when practical, improving building insulation and moving sleeping or working areas away from major noise sources can sometimes reduce exposure. Hearing protection is appropriate in genuinely loud occupational or recreational environments.

Noise concerns should be assessed according to sound level, duration, timing and the setting rather than assuming every unwanted sound presents the same health risk.