Antibiotics are medicines used to treat certain bacterial infections. When they are needed, they can prevent serious complications and save lives. However, antibiotics are not harmless, and they do not work against viral illnesses such as colds and flu.

Possible Side Effects

Common antibiotic side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, rash and yeast infections. Some people can experience more serious problems, including severe allergic reactions or Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection. Anyone who develops a concerning reaction while taking an antibiotic should contact a healthcare professional.

Antibiotic Resistance

Any use of antibiotics can contribute to antimicrobial resistance. The risk becomes especially concerning when antibiotics are used unnecessarily or incorrectly. Resistant bacteria can make infections harder to treat and may require different or more intensive treatment.

Effects on Normal Bacteria

Antibiotics can also affect bacteria that normally live in the body. This helps explain why digestive problems and some other side effects can occur during or after treatment. The effect varies according to the antibiotic, dose, duration and individual patient.

Use Antibiotics Carefully

Take antibiotics only when prescribed for you and follow the instructions given by your healthcare professional. Do not use leftover antibiotics or share them with another person. Do not pressure a clinician for antibiotics when they are unlikely to help.

The important point is balance: antibiotics remain essential medicines, but they should be used for the right infection, at the right dose and for the appropriate duration under professional guidance.