Headaches are common and can have many causes. Tension-type headaches and migraine are among the common primary headache disorders, while other headaches can occur because of illness, injury, medication overuse or another underlying condition.

Simple steps that may help

For a familiar mild headache without warning signs, basic self-care may help. Rest in a comfortable environment, drink enough water and avoid skipping meals. If bright light or noise makes symptoms worse, reducing those triggers may also be useful.

Stress and muscle tension can contribute to some headaches. Relaxation, gentle movement and taking breaks from prolonged screen or desk work may help some people.

Using pain medicines carefully

Over-the-counter pain medicines can be appropriate for some people when used according to the product directions. However, they are not suitable for everyone because medical conditions, pregnancy and other medicines can affect which products are safe.

Using headache medicines too frequently can itself contribute to medication-overuse headaches. People who need pain medicine regularly should discuss their headaches with a healthcare professional rather than repeatedly increasing treatment on their own.

Track recurring headaches

A headache diary can help identify patterns. Record when headaches occur, how long they last, associated symptoms, sleep, meals, caffeine, stress and medicines used. This information can be useful during a medical assessment.

When a headache needs urgent attention

Seek emergency medical care for a sudden and extremely severe headache or a headache accompanied by symptoms such as confusion, fainting, weakness or numbness, difficulty speaking or walking, severe vision problems, seizure, high fever or a stiff neck.

A significant headache following a head injury also requires appropriate medical assessment.

When to see a doctor

Arrange medical advice if headaches are becoming more frequent or severe, repeatedly interfere with work or sleep, change significantly from their usual pattern, or do not improve with appropriate treatment.

There is no single home remedy that can safely eliminate every type of headache. Correct treatment depends on the type of headache and its cause.