Democracy:
The term “Democracy” originates from the Greek word “demokratia” (‘demos’ meaning ‘people’ and ‘kratos’ meaning ‘rule’). Therefore, democracy signifies a system of governance where the government and its representatives are elected and chosen by the people of the state. In a democratic setup, individuals select their leaders through competitive elections. Democracy ensures civil liberties and human rights. It aims to bridge the gap between the wealthy and the underprivileged, eradicate discrimination, racism, and sectarian divisions among the populace. In the contemporary world, democracy is considered the most preferred and justifiable form of government.
The concept of democracy was first introduced in the Magna Carta in Britain. Currently, India holds the title of being the largest Parliamentary democracy, while America boasts the largest Presidential democracy globally. Pakistan is also a democratic nation. However, democracy has not been entirely successful in Pakistan due to frequent military interventions in the political and administrative systems.
Different Definitions of Democracy:
As Abraham Lincoln famously stated: “Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, and for the people.”
Woodrow Wilson also expressed: “Democracy unleashes the potential of every individual.”
Democracy is a Public Kind of Government:
Democracy is a form of government that is public in nature. It is widely embraced by nations worldwide because it allows everyone, from the common man to the elite, to participate in the decision-making process. It is a political framework endorsed by the electorate.
Democratic – Citizen Rights:
Civil rights are fundamental to the functioning of a democratic society as they guarantee individuals the ability to participate in political activities and exercise their rights as citizens.
1. Right to vote freely:
One of the most significant civil rights is suffrage, which ensures that all eligible individuals have the right to vote and participate in the democratic process. This right allows citizens to have a say in the selection of their government and the policies that affect their lives.
2. Freedom of speech and opinion:
Freedom of speech and opinion is a fundamental civil right that allows individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and beliefs without fear of censorship or persecution. This right is essential for the functioning of a democratic society as it encourages open dialogue, debate, and the exchange of ideas.
3. Right to fair trial:
Another crucial civil right is the access to a just trial. This means that every individual has the right to a fair and impartial trial, where they are presumed innocent until proven guilty. It ensures that individuals are protected from arbitrary arrests and detentions and guarantees their right to legal representation and due process.
4. Equal legal protection:
Entitlement to equal legal protection is another crucial civil right. It ensures that all individuals are treated equally under the law, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or any other characteristic. This right helps prevent discrimination and ensures that everyone has equal access to justice.
5. Right to join independent organizations:
Lastly, civil rights include the permission to join autonomous associations. This means that individuals have the right to form and join organizations, such as political parties, trade unions, and advocacy groups, to promote their interests and participate in collective action.
6. Right to government services:
Civil rights also encompass the availability of government assistance. This means that individuals have the right to access social welfare programs and receive support from the government in times of need. This can include financial assistance, healthcare, housing, and other essential services that help ensure a basic standard of living for all citizens.
7. Utilization of public amenities:
Utilization of public amenities is also a civil right. This means that individuals have the right to access and use public spaces, such as parks, libraries, and recreational facilities. These amenities contribute to the overall well-being and quality of life of citizens.
8. Right to a public education:
Access to public education is another important civil right. It ensures that every individual has the right to receive an education, regardless of their background or socioeconomic status. This right promotes equal opportunities and helps create a more inclusive and educated society.
